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来源：凤凰彩票返点2024-08-05 17:48

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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城乡互帮互助，多地动员带药返乡、号召社会捐赠余药******

　　农村地区药品短缺问题该如何缓解？

　　日前，昆明市委组织部发布《关于城乡基层党组织做好新阶段疫情防控工作的通知》，动员城乡基层党组织充分发挥战斗堡垒作用和党员先锋模范作用，扎实抓好新阶段城乡疫情防控工作。

　　这份通知提到，建立互帮互助机制方面，村(社区)党组织要动员党员带头互帮互助，街道(社区)党组织要动员感染新冠病毒转阴且春节回乡的居民，把家中与新冠感染相关的剩余药品带回农村等。

　　通知还提出，要把工作重点放到应对郊县、农村可能出现的进一步传播，以及春节前后可能出现的第二波高峰和重症高峰上，重点关注农村疫情发展变化情况，全面加强农村地区疫情防控工作。

　　澎湃新闻注意到，稍早前，贵州省黔东南州的从江县、黄平县已相继发出倡议书，号召社会家庭回赠治疗新冠疾病余药。

　　从江县倡议书写到，当前，我县疫情防控进入新阶段，农村群众在新冠疾病治疗药品需求量激增。在这共克时艰的关键时刻，现号召全县各社会家庭或个人积极响应号召，踊跃回赠家中余药，切实帮助全县同胞特别是农村群众共同应对新冠病毒疫情。回赠药品以退烧类的药品为主，止咳、抗病毒等其他类型药品也可回赠。

　　从江县疫情联防联控机制综合组介绍，药品是要处于保质期内，通过正规途径购买。整盒或开盒后不影响服用的散装药品均可回赠。县城家庭可以个人送达或以单位统一收集送到从江县中医医院北上院区药房，乡镇家庭可直接送到各乡镇卫生院药房。

　　从江县疫情联防联控机制综合组承诺，接受回赠的所有余药由县卫生健康局统筹安排，经药剂专业人员再次确认归类后，按量配发给各乡镇卫生院和村卫生室，经医务人员免费发放给需要的群众。并由县卫生健康局定期公布药品回赠数量和使用情况，并监督发放，严格管理。

　　黄平县发布的倡议书也称，在这共克时艰的关键时刻，现号召全县各社会家庭或个人积极响应号召，踊跃回赠家中余药，切实帮助全县同胞特别是农村群众共同应对新冠病毒疫情。

　　此外，在陕西省商洛市丹凤县，县疫情防控工作领导小组办公室号召干部职工捐赠医疗药物，帮助农村群众共度难关。

　　倡议书称，丹凤县城区居民感染新冠病毒高峰期即将过去，临近春节，农村务工人员开始大规模返乡，农村群众感染新冠病毒高峰期即将到来，农村孤寡老人、孕产妇等弱势困难群体缺医少药现象严重。为此，丹凤县委、县政府现向全县广大干部职工发出倡议，号召全县党政企事业单位干部职工奉献爱心，积极将家里剩余医疗药品捐献，统一向农村弱势困难群体发放，帮助农村群众共度难关，共同营造欢乐祥和节日环境。

　　所列的捐赠药品包括温度计、退烧药、止咳药、抗病毒类药等用于治疗新型冠状病毒有关药品。丹凤县委、县人大、县政府、县政协领导干部捐赠地点分别在县委办、县人大办、县政府办、县政协办。县委工作机关、直属事业单位、各人民团体、审判和检察机关干部职工捐赠地点在县委办。县政府工作部门、事业机构及中、省、市驻丹各单位干部职工捐赠地点在县政府办。所有捐赠地点单位负责将捐赠药品逐人造册登记。

　　丹凤县疫情防控工作领导小组办公室还介绍，全县广大干部职工捐赠药品情况定期进行通报，并向社会公布。感染新冠病毒治愈后，剩余治疗药品作用并不大，倡议全县广大干部职工都积极行动起来，加入药品捐赠行列，向农村困难群体献出自己的一片爱心，共同守护全县人民生命健康安全。（澎湃新闻记者钟煜豪）

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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